The notion of Positive Representations is a new research program devoted to the representation theory of split real quantum groups, initiated in a joint work with Igor Frenkel. It is a generalization of the special class of representations considered by J. Teschner for U_q(sl(2,R)) in Liouville theory, where it exhibits a strong parallel to the finite-dimensional representation theory of compact quantum groups, but at the same time also serves some new properties that are not available in the compact case. In this talk, I will survey the recent developments and describe some of its relations to other areas of mathematics.