Understanding the micro-environment inside a Langstroth beehive arising due to thermoregulation efforts of honeybees using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations
Langstroth beehives are the workhorses of the commercial beekeeping industry. Their design features are standard across the industry. Beekeepers universally agree that ensuring sufficient ventilation throughout the year inside a Langstroth beehive is vital for sustaining a thriving, healthy honeybee colony inside it. Honeybees as a colony during the spring and summer months when there is a brood in the hive thermoregulate using different techniques to ensure optimal conditions for brood growth inside the beehive. While during the late fall and winter months with no brood in the hive, the honeybees inside the beehive occupying the different beespaces found between the combs survive the cold winter temperatures by forming a tight cluster characterized by a loose core inside which they endothermically generate heat surrounded by a dense mantle which reduces the heat loss to the ambient. A portion of the heat generated by the honeybees during their thermoregulation efforts in the summer and winter is lost to the ambient air inside the Langstroth beehive which drives a natural convection flow inside the Langstroth beehive. This flow causes air exchange with the ambient air outside the beehive a process which is vital to ensure proper ventilation of the beehive. Poor ventilation during the summer month causes elevated carbon-dioxide concentration inside the beehive which affects brood growth while providing conditions optimal of other honeybee diseases to thrive inside the beehive. Despite this fact, surprisingly little is known about the ventilation and flow patterns inside a beehive during thermoregulation and more importantly how the different design features of the beehive affect it. In my talk, I will summarize our efforts over the last 5 years aimed at understanding this micro-environment inside the Langstroth beehive arising during thermoregulation efforts using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations, an model based simulation approach used regularly by HVAC engineers in designing different habitats like green houses and clean rooms.