Three-dimensional flexural–gravity waves beneath ice are studied using fully nonlinear Euler equations. The governing equations are reformulated as boundary integral equations within a unified framework that accommodates several physical geometries and forcing configurations. Numerical solutions are obtained using iterative methods with novel preconditioning methods. Numerical solutions are shown to depend on the disturbance speed, bottom geometry, and properties of ice.

This is joint work with C. C. Tugulan and E. I. Parau